Key Lighting: The key lighting is the most important light a photographer/cameraman will use. It can be used to highlight the shape and depth of a subject and its omission may result in a silhouette. A High Key light image appears happy and bright, with a lack of contrast and shadows. Low key images are darker and are more contrasted - they often appear more dramatic.
Fill Lighting: Any source of light that removes areas of shadows created by other light. (Often used to remove shadows created by the key light). On its own it is not as bright but it is essential to dispel dark shadows that, although that may not have been that noticeable before hand, still darkened an image.
Back-lighting: The source of light used to illuminate a subject from behind which creates a glowing effect around the edges of the subject. It can also be called rim lighting, as it creates a rim of light around the subject. It completes the main trio of lighting and is often used in low key images to create a stark contrast and make and image look more dramatic.
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